The Science Behind the ‘Surya Tilak’ Ceremony at Ayodhya’s Ram Temple

A team of ten esteemed Indian scientists stationed at the Ram Mandir ensured the success of the auspicious event on Ram Navami by using cutting-edge scientific expertise. The team utilized a sophisticated apparatus consisting of mirrors and lenses, which was commissioned by the temple trust. The system involved precisely directing sunlight onto the statue’s forehead for 3 to 3.5 minutes starting at 12 noon using a combination of mirrors and lenses. Dr Pradeep Kumar Ramacharla, Scientist and Director at the Central Building Research Institute (CBRI), provided insight into the intricate workings of the optomechanical system.

He explained that the apparatus consists of four mirrors and four lenses fitted inside the tilt mechanism and piping systems. The specific arrangement of mirrors and lenses allowed the focus of the sun’s rays on the forehead of Shree Ram. The use of high-quality and durable materials, such as brass for piping and powder-coated surfaces, helped in maintaining the system’s efficiency and durability. The development of the ‘Surya Tilak’ mechanism involved collaboration between scientists from CBRI, Roorkee, and the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIAP), Bengaluru.

Technical support from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics and the expertise of Optica, a Bengaluru-based company, further contributed to the project’s execution. The ‘Surya Tilak’ mechanism involved intricate arrangements using 19 gears to ensure the timely occurrence of the ritual without relying on electricity, batteries, or iron-based components. The Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) in Bengaluru played a crucial role in reconciling the disparity between the lunar and solar calendars to ensure the ceremonial anointment of the idol of Ram Lala on every Ram Navami. The team involved in the project included members from CSIR-CBRI and consultants from IIA Bangalore.

This collaborative effort demonstrated the fusion of scientific expertise and traditional ceremonial practices, showcasing the advancement of scientific innovation in cultural and religious rituals.